Incumbency and self-uncertainty: when prototypical leaders lose their advantage.

Research on how uncertainty affects the preference for prototypical over non-prototypical leaders has produced mixed results. To understand these discrepancies, two studies explored leader status (prospective versus incumbent) as a potential moderator. Participants reported levels of self-uncertainty (Study 1) or were primed with high versus low self-uncertainty (Study 2) before evaluating a prototypical or non-prototypical leadership candidate who was incumbent or prospective. For incumbent candidates, prototypicality predicted more favorable evaluations under low self-uncertainty, but this relationship was weakened under high self-uncertainty. For prospective candidates, prototypicality predicted more favorable evaluations under high self-uncertainty, but this relationship was weakened under low self-uncertainty.

Group authorship, an excellent opportunity laced with ethical, legal and technical challenges.

Group authorship (also known as corporate authorship, team authorship, consortium authorship) refers to attribution practices that use the name of a collective (be it team, group, project, corporation, or consortium) in the authorship byline. Data shows that group authorships are on the rise but thus far, in scholarly discussions about authorship, they have not gained much specific attention. Group authorship can minimize tensions within the group about authorship order and the criteria used for inclusion/exclusion of individual authors. However, current use of group authorships has drawbacks, such as ethical challenges associated with the attribution of credit and responsibilities, legal challenges regarding how copyrights are handled, and technical challenges related to the lack of persistent identifiers (PIDs), such as ORCID, for groups. We offer two recommendations: 1) Journals should develop and share context-specific and unambiguous guidelines for group authorship, for which they can use the four baseline requirements offered in this paper; 2) Using persistent identifiers for groups and consistent reporting of members' contributions should be facilitated through devising PIDs for groups and linking these to the ORCIDs of their individual contributors and the Digital Object Identifier (DOI) of the published item.

Use of nominal group technique methods in the virtual setting: A reflective account and recommendations for practice.

Nominal group technique methods involve the use of structured activities within groups comprised of purposefully selected stakeholders (nominal groups), with the broad aim of achieving a level of consensus and prioritising information. In this paper, we will report how we facilitated nominal groups, using Microsoft Teams, to prioritise content for a theory-based behaviour change intervention to improve responses to clinically deteriorating patients. Our methods incorporated development and piloting of research materials, facilitation of online nominal groups with different stakeholders, and a structured approach to ranking behaviour change strategies. Practical suggestions are offered based on our experience of using this method in a virtual context.

Community-based art groups in mental health recovery: A systematic review and narrative synthesis.

INTRODUCTION: Though the evidence of the role of the arts in mental health is growing, no systematic review has focused on the impact of art groups in non-clinical settings in the process of recovery following the CHIME framework. AIM: The aim of this study was to examine the effects of engaging in community-based art groups in mental health recovery. METHOD: A search in five electronic databases for relevant research using quantitative, qualitative or mixed methods published between 2000 and 2019 identified nine eligible studies. RESULTS: While there was great methodological heterogeneity, most studies were qualitative, used visual arts, facilitated by artists and assessed by mental health nurses, and took place in community locations or artistic venues. Quantitative outcomes, though few, provided evidence of increased well-being, and qualitative outcomes corresponded mostly with the recovery process of Connectedness. Additional outcomes related to the settings were a sense of safety and to the intervention: self-expression, development of skills and achievements, and the impact of final exhibitions and peer leadership. DISCUSSION: Studies should aim at prospective designs following mixed methods approaches, with larger and gender-sensitive samples, control groups and follow-up assessments, and evaluate cost-effectiveness. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: Community-based art groups which increase well-being and promote connectedness should be key in recovery-action planning.

Group Formation and the Evolution of Human Social Organization.

Humans operate in groups that are oftentimes nested in multilayered collectives such as work units within departments and companies, neighborhoods within cities, and regions within nation states. With psychological science mostly focusing on proximate reasons for individuals to join existing groups and how existing groups function, we still poorly understand why groups form ex nihilo, how groups evolve into complex multilayered social structures, and what explains fission-fusion dynamics. Here we address group formation and the evolution of social organization at both the proximate and ultimate level of analysis. Building on models of fitness interdependence and cooperation, we propose that socioecologies can create positive interdependencies among strangers and pave the way for the formation of stable coalitions and groups through reciprocity and reputation-based partner selection. Such groups are marked by in-group bounded, parochial cooperation together with an array of social institutions for managing the commons, allowing groups to scale in size and complexity while avoiding the breakdown of cooperation. Our analysis reveals how distinct group cultures can endogenously emerge from reciprocal cooperation, shows that social identification and group commitment are likely consequences rather than causes of group cooperation, and explains when intergroup relations gravitate toward peaceful coexistence, integration, or conflict.

When is it good to feel bad? How sadness and fear differ in their effects on routine development.

Introduction: This study follows recent calls to explore the emotional foundations of routine development. Routine development forms a nexus between stability and change and is thus crucial for studying organizational decision-making and organizational change. Individuals and teams going through organizational change often experience sadness and fear. Methods: We conducted a laboratory experiment with 84 teams to study the effect of sadness and fear on routine development. Results and discussion: In the sadness condition, we observed positive effects on repetitiveness, speed, reliability, and attentiveness in action. Teams experiencing fear reacted better to 'performance traps' in which pre-established routines are ineffective. Our findings show how the behaviors elicited by sadness and fear might ultimately affect team behavior, and therefore managerial practices.

Guideline panel social dynamics influence the development of clinical practice recommendations: a mixed-methods systematic review.

OBJECTIVES: To synthesize empirical studies that investigate the cognitive and social processes involved in the deliberation process of guideline development meetings and determine the distribution of deliberated topics. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING: We conducted a mixed-method systematic review using a convergent segregated approach. We searched for empirical studies that investigate the intragroup dynamics of guideline development meetings indexed in bibliographic databases. RESULTS: Of the 5,899 citations screened, 12 studies from six countries proved eligible. Chairs, cochairs, and methodologists contributed to at least one-third of the discussion time in guideline development meetings; patient partners contributed the least. In interdisciplinary groups, male gender and occupation as a physician were positively associated with the amount of contribution. Compared to groups that used the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation approach, for groups that did not, when faced with insufficient or low-quality evidence, relied more on their clinical experience. The presence of a cognitive "yes" bias was apparent in meetings: panelists tended to acquiesce with positive statements that required less cognitive effort than negative statements. CONCLUSION: The social dynamics of the discussions were linked to each panelist's activity role, professional background, and gender, all of which influenced the level of contributions they made in guideline development meetings.

Behind the Blackpill: Self-Verification and Identity Fusion Predict Endorsement of Violence Against Women Among Self-Identified Incels.

Incels (involuntary celibates) have advocated for and even enacted violence against women. We explored two mechanisms that may underly incels' actions: identity fusion and self-verification. Study 1 (n = 155) revealed stronger identity fusion (deep alignment) with the ingroup among men active in online incel communities compared to men active in other male-dominated groups. Study 2 (n = 113) showed that feeling self-verified by other incels predicted fusion with incels; fusion, in turn, predicted endorsement of past and future violence toward women. Study 3 (n = 283; preregistered) replicated the indirect effects from Study 2 and extended them by linking fusion to online harassment of women. All indirect effects were particularly strong among self-identified incels high in narcissism. We discuss the synergistic links between self-verification and identity fusion in fostering extreme behaviors and identify directions for future research.

Construção e validação de cenário de simulação clínica para ensino de gerenciamento de conflitos / Construction and validation of a clinical simulation scenario for teaching conflict management / Construcción y validación de un escenario de simulación clínica para la enseñanza de la gestión de conflictos

RESUMO: Objetivo: construir e validar um cenário de simulação clínica voltado para o ensino do gerenciamento de conflitos para estudantes de graduação em enfermagem. Método: estudo metodológico no qual construiu-se um cenário de gerenciamento de conflitos, na cidade de São Paulo, SP, Brasil, em 2022, a partir da revisão de literatura e da experiência pedagógica dos pesquisadores. Realizou-se validação de conteúdo com juízes da área por meio da técnica Delphi. Os dados foram analisados com Índice de Validade de Conteúdo (IVC>80%). Resultados: o cenário descreve a cena de um estagiário de enfermagem que solicita ao técnico de enfermagem realizar um banho no leito de um paciente. Tal fato é permeado por conflitos interpessoais. A validação de conteúdo contou com oito experts em simulação clínica e dois estudantes de enfermagem. Houve três "rounds", chegando ao IVC 100%. Conclusão: o cenário construído foi validado e contribuirá para o ensino prático desta competência na graduação.

ABSTRACT Objective: Develop and validate a clinical simulation scenario for undergrad nursing students to learn conflict management. Method: Methodological study in which a conflict management scenario was constructed in the city of São Paulo, SP, Brazil, in 2022, based on the literature review and the pedagogical experience of the researchers. Content validation was carried out with judges in the field using the Delphi technique. The data was analyzed with a Content Validity Index (CVI>80%). Results: The scenario describes the scene of a nursing trainee asking the nursing technician to bathe a patient in bed. This is permeated by interpersonal conflicts. The content validation involved eight experts in clinical simulation and two nursing students. There were three "rounds," reaching IVC 100%. Conclusion: The scenario was validated and will contribute to the practical teaching of this skill in undergraduate courses.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Construir y validar un escenario de simulación clínica destinado a enseñar la gestión de conflictos a estudiantes universitarios de enfermería. Método: Estudio metodológico en el que se construyó un escenario de gestión de conflictos en la ciudad de São Paulo, SP, Brasil, en 2022, a partir de la revisión bibliográfica y de la experiencia pedagógica de los investigadores. La validación del contenido se llevó a cabo con jueces sobre el terreno mediante la técnica Delphi. Los datos se analizaron con un Índice de Validez del Contenido (IVC>80%). Resultados: el escenario describe la escena de un practicante de enfermería que pide al técnico de enfermería que bañe a un paciente en la cama. Esto está impregnado de conflictos interpersonales. En la validación del contenido participaron ocho expertos en simulación clínica y dos estudiantes de enfermería. Hubo tres rondas, alcanzando el IVC al 100%. Conclusión: el escenario fue validado y contribuirá a la enseñanza práctica de esta habilidad en los cursos de licenciatura.

Exploring the social dynamics of urban regeneration: A qualitative analysis of community members' experiences.

The present paper explores psychological processes that underpin the success of community change in the context of urban regeneration schemes. We adopt a social identity approach to develop an understanding of the ways in which social identity dynamics may impact upon peoples' experiences of regeneration, and what influence these identity processes have on the creation of new communities. Qualitative interviews, using thematic analysis as an analytic technique, were conducted with community members (n = 14) in a recently (2001-2011) regenerated area in the South-West of England. Three overarching themes were identified: Patterns of identification, willingness to engage, and the notion of regeneration as an event. The research overall highlights the central role of group-based identity in understanding the processes of regeneration and how this is experienced by different community members. Findings are discussed in relation to the impact regeneration schemes have on community members' sense of collective self, unity, and engagement. The research highlights the pivotal role of social identity processes in delivering successful and sustainable strategies of urban regeneration.

The Psychology of Athletic Endeavor.

A considerable amount of human behavior occurs within the context of sports. In recent years there have been notable advances in psychological science research applied to understanding athletic endeavor. This work has utilized a number of novel theoretical, methodological, and data analytic approaches. We review the current evidence related to developmental considerations, intrapersonal athlete factors, group processes, and the role of the coach in explaining how athletes function within the sport domain. This body of work sheds light on the diverse ways in which psychological processes contribute to athletic strivings. It also has the potential to spark interest in domains of psychology concerned with achievement as well as to encourage cross-domain fertilization of ideas.

Group interventions in psychosocial care centers for alcohol and drugs: challenges of care practice / Intervenciones grupales en centros de atención psicosocial alcohol y drogas: desafíos de la práctica de atención / Intervenções grupais em centros de atenção psicossocial álcool e drogas: desafios da prática assistencial

ABSTRACT Objective: to understand the challenges of care practice with group interventions Psychosocial Care Centers for Alcohol and Drugs. Method: qualitative intervention research developed with 30 professionals from four Alcohol and Psychosocial Drug Care Centers in a municipality in central Brazil from March to April 2019. We used a professional characterization instrument and conversation wheels to collect data that were submitted to the thematic modality of content analysis. Results: some challenges that permeate the practice with group interventions in CAPSad were evidenced, from the professionals' perspective, such as inadequate physical structure and scarcity of material resources; issues related to aspects of users such as difficulty in adhesion and commitment to groups, incompatible work schedules and lack of financial resources for travel to the centers; factors related to the competence of professionals as not having affinity to work with groups, absence of specific training, prioritization of other practices, demotivation, absence of care records and difficulty in performing the patient discharge and; aspects of work processes such as outpatient organizational culture, very high demand, insufficient human resources, lack of external supervision, few offers of therapeutic groups and lack of criteria for the definition of group coordinators. Conclusion: the challenges experienced include issues of inadequate physical structure and deficient material resources, difficulties related to the life contexts of users, competence of professionals and factors of the work processes of the services.

RESUMEN Objetivo comprender los desafíos de la práctica asistencial con intervenciones grupales en Centros de Atención Psicosocial de Alcohol y Drogas. Método investigación de intervención desarrollada con 30 profesionales de cuatro Centros de Atención Psicosocial de Alcohol y Drogas de un municipio del centro de Brasil de marzo a abril de 2019. Utilizamos un instrumento de caracterización profesional y ruedas de conversación para recolectar datos que fueron sometidos a la modalidad temática de análisis de contenido. Resultados: se evidenciaron algunos desafíos que permean la práctica con intervenciones grupales en CAPSad, desde la perspectiva de los profesionales, como estructura física inadecuada y escasez de recursos materiales; cuestiones relacionadas con aspectos de los usuarios como dificultad para incorporar y compromiso de grupos, jornada laboral incompatible y falta de recursos económicos para desplazamiento al servicio; factores d la competencia de los profesionales como no tener afinidad para trabajar con grupos, ausencia de formación específica, priorización de otras prácticas, desmotivación, ausencia de registros de atención y dificultad en la realización del alta de los usuarios y; aspectos de los procesos de trabajo como cultura organizacional ambulatoria, demanda muy grande, recursos humanos insuficientes, falta de supervisión externa, pocas ofertas de grupos terapéuticos y falta de criterio para la definición de coordinadores de grupo. Conclusión: lo vivido incluye cuestiones de estructura física inadecuada y recursos materiales deficientes, desafíos relacionados con los contextos de vida de los usuarios, competencia de los profesionales y factores de los procesos de trabajo de los servicios.

RESUMO Objetivo: compreender os desafios da prática assistencial com intervenções grupais em Centros de Atenção Psicossocial Álcool e Drogas. Método: pesquisa-intervenção de abordagem qualitativa desenvolvida com 30 profissionais de quatro Centros de Atenção Psicossocial Álcool e Drogas de um município da região central do Brasil de março e abril de 2019. Utilizou-se instrumento de caracterização profissiográfica e rodas de conversa para coleta de dados que foram submetidos à análise de conteúdo, modalidade temática. Resultados: evidenciou-se alguns desafios que permeiam a prática com intervenções grupais em CAPSad, sob a ótica dos profissionais, como estrutura física inadequada e escassez de recursos materiais; questões ligadas a aspectos dos usuários como a dificuldade de adesão e comprometimento com os grupos, agenda de trabalho incompatível e falta de recursos financeiros para deslocamento ao serviço; fatores da competência dos profissionais como não ter afinidade de trabalhar com grupos, ausência de formação específica, priorização de outras práticas, desmotivação, ausência de registros dos atendimentos e dificuldade de realizar a alta dos usuários e; aspectos dos processos de trabalho como cultura organizacional ambulatorial, demanda muito grande, recursos humanos insuficientes, falta de supervisão externa, poucas ofertas de grupos terapêuticos e ausência de critérios para a definição de coordenadores de grupos. Conclusão: os desafios vivenciados englobam questões de estrutura física inadequada e recursos materiais deficitários, dificuldades ligadas aos contextos de vida dos usuários, competência dos profissionais e fatores dos processos de trabalho dos serviços.

Grupo operativo para hipertensos e diabéticos: resultados da interrupção das atividades devido a pandemia de COVID-19 / Group process for hypertensive and diabetic patients: results of the interruption of activities due to the COVID-19 pandemic

A pandemia da COVID-19 provocada, pelo SARS-CoV-2, levou a humanidade ao estabelecimento do isolamento social. Tal contexto acarretou fragilidades na realização de ações coletivas nos denominados Grupos Operativos da Atenção Primária em Saúde (APS). Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo analisar a contribuição do processo grupal para hipertensos e diabéticos na APS frente a interrupção das atividades coletivas durante a pandemia da COVID-19. Para tal, utilizou-se o limite geopolítico do município Paraopeba/MG e, como amostra, todos os usuários pertencentes ao território da UBS Papa João Paulo II, com laudo médico de hipertensão arterial sistêmica e diabetes mellitus tipo, que participavam regularmente das atividades do grupo operativo para hipertensos/diabéticos, entre o período de 2018 a 2021. Para realização desta pesquisa optou-se pela abordagem quali-quantitativa. Para a abordagem qualitativa, realizou-se uma análise a partir de fontes documentais do município e dados do IBGE, para caracterizar o município de forma macro quanto aos seus aspectos sociais, ambientais, econômicos e de saúde. Já para caracterização da população hipertensa, diabética e das atividades desenvolvidas no Grupo Operativo, foi realizado uma análise descritiva de forma micro, dos participantes do Grupo Operativo da UBS Papa João Paulo II. Para tal análise, recorreu-se a fonte documental e relatórios disponíveis no município e na UBS que registravam a situação de saúde de hipertensos, diabéticos e a realização das atividades. O método quantitativo foi do tipo longitudinal retrospectivo, por meio da consulta e acompanhamento longitudinal de dados retrospectivos referentes à pressão arterial sistólica, diastólica e da glicemia capilar. Utilizou-se dados coletados do cartão municipal do hipertenso, cartão municipal do diabético e do prontuário físico e/ou eletrônico do cidadão (PEC), dos participantes do Grupo Operativo da UBS Papa João Paulo II de Paraopeba/MG. Assim sendo, a amostra foi composta por 36 indivíduos hipertensos, que tiveram acompanhamento referente aos níveis pressóricos, sendo que quatorze destes indivíduos também eram diabéticos que, além do acompanhamento dos níveis pressóricos, tiveram acompanhamento dos seus glicêmicos. Os resultados obtidos permitiram verificar que os níveis de pressão sistólica aumentaram significativamente no período pandêmico, enquanto o diastólico manteve-se estável. Apesar disso, os valores, tanto sistólicos quanto diastólicos, estiveram dentro da faixa considerada como pressão não elevada. Quanto aos níveis glicêmicos, não houve diferença significativa, mas estes se mantiveram altos nos dois períodos comparados. Sendo assim, a interrupção das atividades regulares do Grupo Operativo durante a pandemia parece ter tido efeito no controle da hipertensão arterial e diabetes mellitus, haja vista que não houve melhora significativa nos níveis pressóricos e glicêmicos. Com efeito, foi percebida a necessidade de normatização dos trabalhos do grupo operativo de hipertensão/diabetes, por meio de planejamento, acompanhamento e avaliação das ações educativas, com o propósito de orientar o processo de aprendizagem dos participantes para o manejo adequado dos seus problemas de saúde.

The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by SARS-CoV-2, has led to socialisolation. This context demanded the interruption of collective actions in the so- called Primary Health Care (PHC) operative groups. This research aimed to analyze the contribution of the operative group for hypertensive and diabetic PHC patients in view of the interruption of group activities during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study was restricted to the geopolitical boundary of the municipality of Paraopeba/MG and included all users belonging to the territory of the UBS Papa João Paulo II, with a medical report of systemic arterial hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus, whoregularly participated in the activities of an operative group for hypertensive/diabetic patients, between the period of 2018 to 2021. To carry out this research, a qualitative-quantitative approach was chosen. For the qualitative approach, an analysis was carried out based on documentary sources from the municipality and data from the IBGE, to characterize the municipality in terms of its social, environmental, economic and health aspects. To the characterization of the hypertensive and diabetic population participating to the Operative Group of UBS Papa João Paulo II and the activities carried out in the Operative Group, a descriptive analysis was carried out. To this analysis, we accessed documents and reports available in the city and in the UBS records, including the health status of hypertensive and diabetic patients and the performance of activities. The quantitative method was a retrospective longitudinal type, through the consultation and follow-up data on systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and capillary blood glucose. We accessed data from the municipal hypertensive patient's passbook, the diabetics passbook and the physical and/or electronic medical records of citizens (PEC). Therefore, the sample consisted of 36 hypertensive individuals, who had their blood pressure levels monitored. The results obtained allowed verifying that the levels of systolic pressure increased significantly in the pandemic period, while the diastolic pressure remained stable. Despite this, both systolic and diastolic values were within the range considered as non-elevated pressure. Concerning the glycemic levels, there was no significant difference, but these remained high in the two compared periods. Therefore, the interruption of the regular activities of the operative group during the pandemic seems to have had an effect on the control of arterial hypertension and diabetes mellitus, given that there was no significant improvement in blood pressure and glucose levels. Indeed, the need to standardize the work of the hypertension/diabetes operative group was perceived, through planning, monitoring and evaluation of educational actions, with the purpose of guiding the participants' learning process towards the adequate management of their health problems.

Saúde coletiva e psicologia social da práxis: um caminho interdisciplinar como metaformação na pós-graduação / Collective health and social psychology of praxis: an interdisciplinary path for meta-formation in graduate studies

RESUMO Este artigo parte da compreensão de interdisciplinaridade como modo de operar face às visões fragmentadas presentes nos processos de produção e de socialização do conhecimento. Objetiva compartilhar reflexões que problematizam a interdisciplinaridade a partir da experiência de formação acadêmica na pós-graduação de um grupo de pesquisa cujos integrantes expressam diversidade de formação e inserção profissional e se debruçam sobre relações entre políticas públicas, saúde e necessidades das pessoas. As reflexões foram elaboradas com base em questões emergentes nos encontros sistemáticos do grupo, que foi tomado como estratégia teórico-metodológica, e sustentadas a partir do diálogo entre saúde coletiva, como campo de saber e de prática, e psicologia social da práxis, formulada por Enrique Pichon-Rivière. O eixo articulador dessa experiência é a formação em sentido amplo que se manifesta pelo princípio de indissociabilidade ensino-pesquisa-extensão, i.e., aprender-investigar-fazer, e como autoformação em um processo mútuo e de ação reflexiva, de aprender a aprender. Nesse sentido, argumenta-se que é metaformação e só pode se dar na perspectiva de diálogos de saberes e interdisciplinares.

ABSTRACT This article is based on the understanding of interdisciplinarity as a way to act against the fragmented visions present in the processes of knowledge production and socialization. The objective is to share reflections that problematize interdisciplinarity from the experience of graduate academic training in a research group whose members have diverse training and professional fields and focus on the relationships between public policy, health and human needs. The reflections were based on issues that emerged during the group's systematic meetings, and the group was understood as a theoretical and methodological strategy, and was sustained by the dialogue between collective health as a field of knowledge and practice, and the social psychology of praxis, formulated by Enrique Pichon-Rivière. The articulating axis of this experience is training in its broadest sense, manifested on the principle of the inseparability of (i.e., learning-research-doing) and as self-training in a mutual process of reflective teaching-research-outreach action, of learning how to learn. In this sense, it is argued that it is a metatraining that can only take place from the perspective of knowledge dialogues and interdisciplinarity.

Análise intertransferencial no manejo de grupo operativo com funcionários de um hospital psiquiátrico / Intertransferential analysis on the management of an operative group with employees of a psychiatric hospital / Análisis intertransferencial en la gestión de un grupo operativo con empleados de un hospital psiquiátrico

Este trabalho tem o objetivo de relatar a experiência de coordenação e observação de grupo operativo de perspectiva psicanalítica. Foram realizados doze encontros, semanalmente, com monitores de recreação em uma instituição psiquiátrica do interior do Estado de São Paulo. Foi possível compreender os benefícios na condução do movimento grupal a partir da análise das intertransferências. As reflexões entre coordenador e observador após as sessões contribuíram para pensar as próprias resistências ao grupo, permitindo melhor manejo e compreensão simbólica da relação coordenação e grupo.

This paper aims to report the experience of coordination and observation of an operative group from a psychoanalytic perspective. Twelve weekly meetings were held with recreation monitors in a psychiatric institution in the interior of the state of São Paulo. It was possible to understand the benefits in the conduction of group movement from the analysis of the intertransferences. The reflections between coordinator and observer after the sessions contributed to think about their own resistances to the group, allowing better management and symbolic understanding of the relationship between coordination and group.

Este estudio pretende informar de la experiencia de coordinación y observación de un grupo operativo desde una perspectiva psicoanalítica. Se realizaron doce reuniones semanales con monitores de recreación en una institución psiquiátrica del interior del estado de São Paulo. A partir del análisis de las intertransferencias fue posible comprender los beneficios en la conducción del movimiento grupal. Las reflexiones entre el coordinador y el observador después de las sesiones contribuyeron a pensar en las propias resistencias del grupo, permitiendo una mejor gestión y comprensión simbólica de la relación entre coordinación y grupo.

Does Religious Priming Induce Greater Prejudice? A Meta-Analytic Review.

The current meta-analysis addressed whether theistic religious beliefs are causally related to greater prejudice by analyzing 44 studies (Ntotal = 11,330) that used experimental designs-priming religion and then measuring negativity toward outgroups (e.g., LGBT and Muslim). The overall priming effect was significant but small (r = .06), indicating that priming religion increases prejudice. The implications of these results for the relation between religion and prejudice and for future work on religious priming are discussed.

Impact of Online Group Psychoeducation and Support Sessions on Receptivity Towards Digital Mental Health Care During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Pilot Study.

While social distancing was crucial to slow the COVID-19 virus, it also contributed to social isolation and emotional strain. This pilot study evaluated the impact of stand-alone psychoeducational group sessions designed to build social connectedness and space for people to learn about mental health during the pandemic. The study examined if offering the stand-alone group sessions increased uptake of and receptivity to additional mental health services. People had access to free, online group psychoeducational sessions offered by a digital mental health platform company. Sessions were offered to (1) employees who had mental health benefits offered through their employer, and to (2) members of the general public. Session formats included discussions, didactic lectures, and workshops, were facilitated by a mental health provider, and used live video conference technology. Topics included race and identity, stress management, coping with political events, relationship issues, and self-compassion. First-time session registrations were tracked from June 2020 to July 2021 on 6723 participants (3717 benefits-eligible employees and 3006 from the general public). Among the employee subsample, 49.5% attended a group session as their first use of any available service on the platform; 52.5% of these employees sought additional services after their first session. In anonymous post-session surveys of employees and members of the general public, 86% of respondents endorsed knowledge increases, 79.5% reported improved understanding of their mental health, 80.3% endorsed gaining actionable steps to improve mental health, 76.5% said that they would consider group sessions in addition to therapy, and 43.5% said that they would consider group sessions instead of therapy. These results suggest that scalable, brief group psychoeducational sessions are a useful conduit to mental health care and have potential to reach people who may not otherwise access available mental health services.

Exposure to incivility does not hinder speaking up: a randomised controlled high-fidelity simulation-based study.

BACKGROUND: Speaking up with concerns is critical for patient safety. We studied whether witnessing a civil (i.e. polite, respectful) response to speaking up would increase the occurrence of further speaking up by hospital staff members as compared with witnessing a pseudo-civil (i.e. vague and slightly dismissive) or rude response. METHODS: In this RCT in a single, large academic teaching hospital, a single simulated basic life support scenario was designed to elicit standardised opportunities to speak up. Participants in teams of two or three were randomly assigned to one of three experimental conditions in which the degree of civility in reacting to speaking up was manipulated by an embedded simulated person. Speaking up behaviour was assessed by behaviour coding of the video recordings of the team interactions by applying 10 codes using The Observer XT 14.1. Data were analysed using multilevel modelling. RESULTS: The sample included 125 interprofessional hospital staff members (82 [66%] women, 43 [34%] men). Participants were more likely to speak up when they felt psychologically safe (γ=0.47; standard error [se]=0.19; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.09-0.85; P=0.017). Participants were more likely to speak up in the rude condition than in the other conditions (γ=0.28; se=0.12; 95% CI, 0.05-0.52; P=0.019). Across conditions, participants spoke up most frequently by structuring inquiry (n=289, 31.52%), proactive (n=240, 26.17%), and reactive (n=148, 16.14%) instruction statements, and gestures (n=139, 15.16%). CONCLUSION: Our study challenges current assumptions about the interplay of civility and speaking up behaviour in healthcare.

Tracking group identity through natural language within groups.

To what degree can we determine people's connections with groups through the language they use? In recent years, large archives of behavioral data from social media communities have become available to social scientists, opening the possibility of tracking naturally occurring group identity processes. A feature of most digital groups is that they rely exclusively on the written word. Across 3 studies, we developed and validated a language-based metric of group identity strength and demonstrated its potential in tracking identity processes in online communities. In Studies 1a-1c, 873 people wrote about their connections to various groups (country, college, or religion). A total of 2 language markers of group identity strength were found: high affiliation (more words like we, togetherness) and low cognitive processing or questioning (fewer words like think, unsure). Using these markers, a language-based unquestioning affiliation index was developed and applied to in-class stream-of-consciousness essays of 2,161 college students (Study 2). Greater levels of unquestioning affiliation expressed in language predicted not only self-reported university identity but also students' likelihood of remaining enrolled in college a year later. In Study 3, the index was applied to naturalistic Reddit conversations of 270,784 people in 2 online communities of supporters of the 2016 presidential candidates-Hillary Clinton and Donald Trump. The index predicted how long people would remain in the group (3a) and revealed temporal shifts mirroring members' joining and leaving of groups (3b). Together, the studies highlight the promise of a language-based approach for tracking and studying group identity processes in online groups.

Selecting intervention content to target barriers and enablers of recognition and response to deteriorating patients: an online nominal group study.

BACKGROUND: Patients who deteriorate in hospital wards without appropriate recognition and/or response are at risk of increased morbidity and mortality. Track-and-trigger tools have been implemented internationally prompting healthcare practitioners (typically nursing staff) to recognise physiological changes (e.g. changes in blood pressure, heart rate) consistent with patient deterioration, and then to contact a practitioner with expertise in management of acute/critical illness. Despite some evidence these tools improve patient outcomes, their translation into clinical practice is inconsistent internationally. To drive greater guideline adherence in the use of the National Early Warning Score tool (a track-and-trigger tool used widely in the United Kingdom and parts of Europe), a theoretically informed implementation intervention was developed (targeting nursing staff) using the Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF) version 2 and a taxonomy of Behaviour Change Techniques (BCTs). METHODS: A three-stage process was followed: 1. TDF domains representing important barriers and enablers to target behaviours derived from earlier published empirical work were mapped to appropriate BCTs; 2. BCTs were shortlisted using consensus approaches within the research team; 3. shortlisted BCTs were presented to relevant stakeholders in two online group discussions where nominal group techniques were applied. Nominal group participants were healthcare leaders, senior clinicians, and ward-based nursing staff. Stakeholders individually generated concrete strategies for operationalising shortlisted BCTs ('applications') and privately ranked them according to acceptability and feasibility. Ranking data were used to drive decision-making about intervention content. RESULTS: Fifty BCTs (mapped in stage 1) were shortlisted to 14 (stage 2) and presented to stakeholders in nominal groups (stage 3) alongside example applications. Informed by ranking data from nominal groups, the intervention was populated with 12 BCTs that will be delivered face-to-face, to individuals and groups of nursing staff, through 18 applications. CONCLUSIONS: A description of a theory-based behaviour change intervention is reported, populated with BCTs and applications generated and/or prioritised by stakeholders using replicable consensus methods. The feasibility of the proposed intervention should be tested in a clinical setting and the content of the intervention elaborated further to permit replication and evaluation.